Basic knowledge about crusher cutters
The clamping part of the crusher tool has two types with holes and with shanks. The crusher tool with holes relies on the bore set on the spindle or mandrel of the machine tool and transmits the torsional torque with the help of axial key or end face key, such as cylindrical milling cutter, set face milling cutter, etc.; the crusher tool with shanks usually has rectangular shanks, cylindrical shanks and conical shanks. Turning tools, planing tools, etc. are generally rectangular shank; tapered shank relies on the taper to withstand the axial thrust, and the torque is transmitted by friction; cylindrical shank is generally suitable for smaller twist drill, end mill and other crusher tools, cutting with the friction generated when the clamping torque is transmitted. Many crusher tools with shanks are made of low-alloy steel for the shank, while the working part is made of high-speed steel to weld the two parts together. The working part of the crusher tool is the part that produces and handles the chips, including the cutting edge, the structure that breaks or rolls the chips, the space for chip discharge or storage, the channel for cutting fluid and other structural elements. The working part of some crusher tools is the cutting part, such as turning tools, planing tools, boring tools and milling tools, etc.; the working part of some crusher tools contains the cutting part and the calibration part, such as drills, reaming drills, reamers, internal surface broaches and taps, etc. The role of the cutting part is to use the cutting edge to remove the chips, the role of the calibration part is to repair the cut surface and guide the crusher tool. The structure of the working part of the crusher tool is of three types: integral, welded and mechanically clamped. The overall structure is to make the cutting edge on the knife body; welding structure is to braze the blade to the steel body; mechanical clamping structure and there are two kinds, one is to clamp the blade on the knife body, the other is to clamp the brazed tip on the knife body. Tungsten carbide crusher tools are generally made of welded structure or mechanical clamping structure; porcelain crusher tools are used in mechanical clamping structure. The geometric parameters of the cutting part of the crusher tool have a great impact on the cutting efficiency and the quality of processing. Increase the front angle, can reduce the plastic deformation of the front cutter surface extrusion cutting layer, reduce the frictional resistance of the chip flow through the front, thereby reducing the cutting force and cutting heat. But increase the front angle, at the same time will reduce the strength of the cutting edge, reduce the heat dissipation volume of the head. When choosing the angle of the crusher tool, you need to consider the influence of a variety of factors, such as the workpiece material, crusher tool material, the nature of processing (roughing, finishing), etc., must be reasonably selected according to the specific circumstances. The angle of crusher tool usually refers to the marked angle for manufacturing and measurement. In actual operation, due to the different installation position of crusher tool and the change of cutting direction, the actual working angle is different from the marked angle, but the difference is usually very small. The material for manufacturing crusher tools must have high temperature hardness and wear resistance, necessary bending strength, impact toughness and chemical inertness, good workmanship (cutting, forging and heat treatment, etc.), and not easy to deformation.
December 01, 2022
